NEW YORK STATE 4-H MEAT GOAT PROJECT FACT SHEET #16 by Dr. E. A. B. Oltenacu Revised April 1999 by Dr. tatiana Stanton Cornell University, Ithaca , NY 14853

USING MATH TO SEE HOW WELL YOUR GOAT IS GROWING

Math can really help you figure out how well your herd is doing and what management changes you need to make.  One of the important uses of goat math is for evaluating the growth of your kids.  How well is your wether growing compared to other kids and and other herds in NY?  You can weigh him and record his weight in your records and then do the proper math to see how he is doing.

For  the first three months of age, most healthy goat kids in NY herds grow from 1/3 lb. to 1/2  lb. per day.  Kids from the smaller breeds will tend to grow slower than kids from the big breeds.  Kids from triplet litters will tend to grow slower than kids that are singles.  Bucks will tend to grow faster than does.  Kids from yearling dams will tend to grow slower than kids from older dams. There are many reasons why a kid may grow very slowly.  Some common reasons are, the kid may 1) have an internal parasite problem like worms or coccidia, 2) not be getting enough milk from his dam or from your bottle feeding, 3) be on a poor quality milk replacer, or 4) have some sort of disease problem.  We usually feed bottle kids about 1 to 2 quarts of milk per day (less the first few days of their lives) and offer them a creep feed that is high in crude protein (14 to 18%)   and energy, as well as some alfalfa or grass/legume mix hay.  Kids that are on the lower amount of milk will usually investigate their other feeds sooner and eat more of them.  Because of this, their rumens may develop earlier.  However, if you have plenty of goat milk there is absolutely nothing wrong with feeding two quarts of milk.  Plan on  weaning  your kid from milk by 10 to 12 weeks of age.  Your kid should weigh at least 30 lbs at weaning.

How fast is my kid growing? First, weigh him.  You can either use a hanging scale or you can weign yourself on your bathroom scale and then stand on it again holding him and calculate the difference.  For example, you weigh 70 lbs. but with him you weigh 102 lbs,  (102 - 70 = 32) so  he weighs 32 lb.  You can also use a goat weight tape to estimate his weight but these tapes are not as accurate as scales.

Let’s say you have two measurements written on the kid’s record sheet:

                birth                        date 4/15/1999                weight  7.5 lb

                one month             date 5/15/99                    weight 23.5 lb

Figure out how many days there were between the weighings so that you can express growth rate as daily weight gain.  For this kid,

April (30 - 15) = 15 days  and  May  = 15 days  so the total number of days is 30 days.

How much weight did the kid gain in 30 days?   23.5 - 7.5 = 16 lbs

So, daily weight gain was 16 lbs/ 30 days = .533 lbs per day or @ 1/2 lb per day.  NICE GROWTH!

You can do this for any time period.  If you check on growth each month, you will find that the rate of growth usually slows down as the kid gets more mature.

How much milk did the kid mentioned above need to drink to produce 1 lb of weight gain ?  note - a quart weighs a little more than  2 lbs.

Let’s say you fed this kid about 1 lb of milk the first 3 days of its life, 2 lbs from 4 to 9 days of age, 3 lbs from 10 to 14 days of age, and 4 lbs from then on until May 15th.  (1 lb x 3) + (2 lb x 6) + (3 lb x 5) + (4 lb x 16) = 3 + 12 + 15 + 64 = 94 lbs.  

In other words he drank 94 lbs of milk in 30 days, or a little more than 3 lbs daily

Of course, not all his growth came from milk because you probably started to offer him a creep feed and some good quality hay starting at 1 to 2 weeks of age.  But let’s just look at milk alone.

He drank 94 lbs of milk and grew 16 lbs, so 94 divided by 16 = 5. 9 lb.  It took about 6 lbs or almost 3 quarts of milk to produce 1 lb of growth.  Since he is only a month old you will still be feeding him milk for a while longer.

How much does your kid grow per lb of milk drunk?

Let’s say your kid grew  @ 1/2 lb per day  the following month drinking @ 4 lbs of milk daily:

1/2 = 1 x 1 = 1  lb of growth per lb of milk consumed.
4       2    4    8

There are 16 oz in a lb so he grew around 2 oz  for each lb of milk drunk.

How many quarts were needed this month to produce 1 lb of growth?  Eight  lbs or around 4 quarts were needed for each lb of growth.

Try these for yourself -

1. A kid gained 20 lbs in 60 days.  What was its daily rate of growth?
   




2. Your kid eats 10 lbs of a 15% crude protein feed in a month.  How many lbs of protein did it eat in total that month?
   




3. Which has more protein, 20 lbs of a 15% crude protein feed or 15 lbs of a 20% crude protein feed?
   

1. Use your records from your own goat kids  to calculate their daily weight gain.  How do they compare to each other?  How well do you think they are growing?
   




2. Make a graph that shows the weight of your wether per week or per month of age ( depending on how often you weigh him).  What does his growth curve look like?  Is it very straight or starting to flatten out?
   




3. Make a graph of his average daily weight gain for the same time period.
   

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